Grand Canyon Road Trip: John Wesley Powell's Historic Expedition

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<p>You're standing on the precipice of an abyss so vast that the opposite rim looks</p>
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<p>like another country, painted in bands of crimson, gold, and ancient limestone.</p>
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<p>It stretches 277 miles long, plunges over a mile straight down, and exposes</p>
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<p>nearly two billion years of Earth's crust.</p>
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<p>For centuries, native tribes lived along its cliffs, and Spanish explorers, guided</p>
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<p>by Hopi, stood at the rim in awe in 1540.</p>
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<p>But the true turning point in unlocking its secrets came in 1869</p>
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<p>when a one-armed Civil War veteran and geologist named Major John Wesley</p>
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<p>Powell took nine men in four wooden boats straight into the violent,</p>
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<p>uncharted rapids of the Colorado River.</p>
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<p>Facing towering walls, dwindling rations, and roaring waters that threatened</p>
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<p>to swallow them whole, Powell's expedition mapped the heart of the</p>
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<p>great chasm, transforming the canyon from a blank spot on the map into a</p>
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<p>place of legend in the American West.</p>
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<p>Decades later, President Theodore Roosevelt stood on its edge and</p>
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<p>declared, "You cannot improve on it. Keep it for your children</p>
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<p>and your children's children."</p>
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<p>Welcome to Talk with History.</p>
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<p>One filmmaker, one historian, meeting history-inspired world</p>
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<p>travels for the curious, the history lovers, and the explorer in us all.</p>
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<p>I am your host, Scott, here with my wife and historian, Jenn.</p>
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<p>Hello.</p>
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<p>Today, we're taking another incredible detour from our</p>
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<p>Route 66 Centennial Journey.</p>
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<p>Driving across northern Arizona, we turn north off the mother road to</p>
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<p>visit one of the seven natural wonders of the world, the Grand Canyon.</p>
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<p>As a first-time visitor, standing on the edge of the</p>
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<p>South Rim is completely humbling.</p>
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<p>We're taking you along the historic South Rim Trail, sharing what it's</p>
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<p>like to see those endless rock layers in person, and keeping an eye out for</p>
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<p>the massive California condor soaring overhead with its 10-foot wingspan.</p>
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<p>We're also diving deep into the canyon's human history, from early</p>
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<p>mining ventures that quickly gave way to tourism, to the Civilian</p>
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<p>Conservation Corps efforts of the 1930s.</p>
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<p>And of course, we're exploring the legendary expedition of John Wesley</p>
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<p>Powell, how a one-armed combat veteran braved the rapids, mapped the gorge,</p>
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<p>and sparked the scientific and public fascination that helped establish the</p>
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<p>Grand Canyon National Park in 1919.</p>
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<p>I'm Scott Bennie, so lace up your boots and watch your step.</p>
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<p>We're exploring the rim and the river at the Grand Canyon.</p>
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<p>All right.</p>
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<p>So Jenn, this was one- this was, this was not a, a Route 66 stop.</p>
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<p>No.</p>
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<p>Right?</p>
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<p>You kinda have to go, you have to veer off north if you're driving through Arizona.</p>
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<p>Yes.</p>
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<p>And you're driving through the plateaus, and you gotta hang right, and you gotta</p>
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<p>start heading up north to northern Arizona towards the Grand Canyon.</p>
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<p>Now I had been there as a kid.</p>
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<p>It had been very, very long time for me, probably since I was maybe</p>
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<p>10, 11, 12, somewhere around there.</p>
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<p>Yes.</p>
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<p>But you had never been to the Grand Canyon.</p>
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<p>I have never been, and you're right.</p>
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<p>I mean, this shows Route 66 and as we're doing this Route 66 100th anniversary</p>
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<p>on, um, Talk With History, you can see the Grand Canyon is on here.</p>
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<p>Right.</p>
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<p>So it is places people sometimes will veer off and see some of these natural</p>
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<p>landmarks, and the Grand Canyon was a big one, and since we had the kids</p>
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<p>with us, we wanted to go there, and we made a point to stay in the park.</p>
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<p>Yeah.</p>
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<p>We did, we, we did it up right.</p>
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<p>You can stay outside the park.</p>
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<p>It's just like any Yellowstone, Yosemite.</p>
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<p>You can stay outside the park.</p>
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<p>You can s- pay a little more and stay inside the park.</p>
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<p>We were doing just one night, and we decided to pull the trigger and stay in</p>
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<p>the park, and it was totally worth it.</p>
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<p>It was worth it, and, and if you know anything about us, Scott and I used</p>
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<p>to do a lot at Yosemite, and we always stayed in the valley 'cause we know</p>
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<p>the difference between staying in the valley and staying outside of the park.</p>
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<p>It's always like a good 30-minute difference, and traffic happens midday,</p>
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<p>and so then you're just out of it.</p>
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<p>So it's so nice to just have that easy access.</p>
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<p>Plus, if you stay in the park, it's usually walkable.</p>
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<p>Yeah.</p>
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<p>So you can walk to where you wanna go, and so I made a point to look up some</p>
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<p>lodges that were there on the South Rim.</p>
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<p>We stayed there with the family of five.</p>
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<p>We were able to get a cot, so it was nice.</p>
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<p>The, the room was big enough.</p>
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<p>We were all very comfortable.</p>
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<p>We had like a balcony, so it was very nice for us.</p>
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<p>Plus, in the park they always have good food options, and this, they had</p>
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<p>a nice cafeteria right by our lodge, a great gift shop right by our lodge,</p>
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<p>and then if you just walked a little farther, there was the Grand Canyon.</p>
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<p>Yeah.</p>
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<p>So</p>
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<p>it</p>
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<p>was great.</p>
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<p>It, it was very, very walkable, and I think you hit it on the head is when</p>
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<p>you stay in the park you don't have to drive around to all the places 'cause</p>
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<p>they have great buses that are taking you from bus stop to bus stop, right?</p>
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<p>Some people will bring their bikes, and they'll ride their bikes around.</p>
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<p>We do that in Yosemite all the time.</p>
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<p>Mm-hmm.</p>
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<p>But that was one of the huge things, and in the video you'll see, and what we can</p>
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<p>mention it later, we won't hit on it too much, I actually went for a morning run.</p>
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<p>I just ran from my room over to the South Rim trail and ran along</p>
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<p>the South Rim trail, and then I realized we were at seven th- 7,000</p>
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<p>feet of elevation, and, and I, I was huffing and puffing pretty quickly.</p>
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<p>But it was absolutely beautiful, and so we did this- It's worth it … it was totally</p>
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<p>worth it, to- I, I think totally worth it.</p>
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<p>Um, we, we definitely wanna go back.</p>
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<p>Jenn and I wanna go back and spend a week there, two weeks there.</p>
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<p>We'd love to go down to the, you know, to the canyon floor.</p>
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<p>We didn't get to do that this time, but we did the South Rim, and we</p>
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<p>talked a little bit about the history and kinda learned about how it</p>
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<p>became a national park and all that.</p>
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<p>Yeah, and they have a really great groomed t- trail.</p>
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<p>So if you're, it, it's very easy to walk.</p>
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<p>You don't need trekking poles.</p>
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<p>You really don't even need hiking boots.</p>
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<p>You could probably do it in your sneakers.</p>
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<p>We did it in our sneakers.</p>
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<p>Yep.</p>
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<p>It was very easy for the kids.</p>
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<p>They complained a little, the youngest, but- It's</p>
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<p>like a mile and a half</p>
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<p>yeah, it was very easy.</p>
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<p>And like Scott said, there's trams that pick you up and take you all over.</p>
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<p>What was neat about this trip, and we've talked about it before, is</p>
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<p>it was right after the World Cup, so there was so many foreign people</p>
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<p>who were visiting the Grand Canyon.</p>
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<p>And we talked to people from Germany.</p>
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<p>We could hear the different accents.</p>
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<p>People would ask us questions to take pictures for them, and they only basically</p>
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<p>knew, "Can you take picture?" Right?</p>
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<p>And so we were just very, uh, welcoming, "Welcome to America,"</p>
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<p>you know, and, and we're all in awe of the beauty of this canyon.</p>
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<p>I had never seen it before, so walking up to it, I just</p>
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<p>couldn't take my eyes off it.</p>
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<p>And you probably see in the video, our kids, everybody, we just couldn't</p>
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<p>stop looking at how beautiful and, and just massive this canyon is.</p>
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<p>And you can see the different colors of the rock sediments along the side of</p>
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<p>the canyon, and it is just breathtaking.</p>
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<p>So, and as you walk, you get a different view-</p>
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<p>Yeah</p>
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<p>every time.</p>
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<p>So it's, it's really neat to go and do.</p>
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<p>Yeah, and of course they have signs all along the way, and they've got</p>
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<p>spots where they'll kind of, they have, like, this little brass outline of the</p>
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<p>landscape y- you see across the canyon, and it'll tell you what the names of the</p>
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<p>different points are and stuff like that.</p>
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<p>And it was neat because you truly are looking across to the North Rim.</p>
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<p>You can see the other side, but if you l- if you're standing there, right,</p>
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<p>and if you look left, you cannot see the end of the canyon itself.</p>
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<p>As far as the eye can see, you just see the canyon going on and on and</p>
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<p>on and on and on into the horizon.</p>
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<p>And so that was really, really cool to, to see that kind of scale.</p>
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<p>And it truly was a canyon.</p>
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<p>You could see the other side, but you couldn't see the end of it.</p>
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<p>Yeah, I mean, it covers over a million acres.</p>
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<p>It's 1.2 million acres of, of land, and so when you really think</p>
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<p>about how- massive this park is.</p>
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<p>It's a huge park.</p>
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<p>Now, most people go to the South Rim.</p>
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<p>When you're visiting the Grand Canyon, that's where most of the visitors go.</p>
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<p>But you can go to the North Rim.</p>
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<p>It's just a, a lot longer to get out there from Route 66.</p>
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<p>And know your elevation will be higher there, so you'll be looking</p>
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<p>down, uh, to the South Rim, and down.</p>
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<p>And it's much more wooded and, uh, not as built up as the South Rim is.</p>
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<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:23</time>
<p>But, uh, that, you can visit both of those.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:26</time>
<p>And of course, you can do tours that take you to the river</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:29</time>
<p>and down to the canyon floor.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:30</time>
<p>We didn't do any of that, but you could see trails down there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:33</time>
<p>And from what we understand, they still don't have any motorized</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:36</time>
<p>vehicles to take you down to the canyon floor, but there's still mules.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:41</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:41</time>
<p>And you can ride a mule down to the canyon floor.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:43</time>
<p>We didn't get to do that, but, uh, hopefully eventually we will.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:46</time>
<p>Now, this was the 15th site to be made a national park.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:50</time>
<p>Mm. And like Scott said, it, it celebrated its 100th anniversary</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:53</time>
<p>February 26, uh, 2019, so it was in 1919 that it became a national park.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:08:59</time>
<p>And when you talk about the history of the park, there's a lot of history</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:03</time>
<p>with the park being made, like how did the glacier come through,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:08</time>
<p>and how did it- Yeah … make this big crack in America's landscape?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:13</time>
<p>But then it's also who were the first peoples to kind of see it and to be there,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:17</time>
<p>and so they celebrate, um, it became well known to Americans in the 1880s</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:21</time>
<p>when the railroads were able to come in and build railroads through there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:24</time>
<p>But we talk about Powell, and Powell is a Civil War veteran, and he's a man who,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:33</time>
<p>uh, was very well known for discovering rivers or, uh, exploring rivers.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:39</time>
<p>He, he rode the Mississippi River, he rode the Ohio River.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:42</time>
<p>He took the Ohio River from Pittsburgh all the way to the Mississippi.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:45</time>
<p>He took the Mississippi all the way down from Missouri all the way down</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:49</time>
<p>to, uh, to the, to the sea they say.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:52</time>
<p>So it's not like it was his first time on a river.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:55</time>
<p>So he, he was kind of like d- he's like a professional explorer almost.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:09:59</time>
<p>Professional explorer almost.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:00</time>
<p>Now, he loses his arm in Shiloh as… And we talked about, um,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:05</time>
<p>we've been to Shiloh before.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:06</time>
<p>Uh, he's hit with a mini ball, uh, in the arm, and he loses</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:10</time>
<p>his right arm below the elbow.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:11</time>
<p>Yeah, he was, a- as I read it, he was a Union-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:14</time>
<p>Yes</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:15</time>
<p>… U- U- Union officer, and what I read was like he literally was like raising</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:19</time>
<p>his arm to say, you know, "Fi- fire the cannons," and that's when he got hit.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:23</time>
<p>Yep.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:24</time>
<p>Yes.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:25</time>
<p>And so he's doing all of this one-armed, which I also think</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:28</time>
<p>is very, uh, heroic of him.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:31</time>
<p>Now, he's made, in 1881, uh, it's Garfield who will di- uh, will direct</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:37</time>
<p>him as the US geological surveyor.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:39</time>
<p>Uh, and he holds that position for about 13 years.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:43</time>
<p>Now, that's after the Grand Canyon.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:44</time>
<p>After the Grand Canyon.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:45</time>
<p>After he explores the Grand Canyon.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:46</time>
<p>But also know that it's because of his experience doing this that he's gonna</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:51</time>
<p>hold that position and start to do more of this for America, but when we</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:56</time>
<p>talk about the, uh, actual expedition.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:10:58</time>
<p>Yeah, so let, let me talk about the actual expedi- expedition</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:01</time>
<p>because this was classic how we do Talk With History things.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:04</time>
<p>It's like we went there, and I was like, "Um, you know, I'm sure</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:06</time>
<p>there's probably a podcast about the Grand Canyon." And so I Google.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:09</time>
<p>You know, I go into the Apple Podcast, and I was like, you know, history of the</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:12</time>
<p>Grand Canyon, and I find this podcast.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:14</time>
<p>I think we've talked about this before.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:16</time>
<p>Uh, it was like The Adventure Podcast, and he talks, and he has one episode on the</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:21</time>
<p>history of the Grand Canyon, specifically about John Wes- Major John Wesley Powell.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:25</time>
<p>Mm-hmm.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:25</time>
<p>And so it was a really good episode, and I'll link that in, in the show</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:30</time>
<p>notes if you guys wanna listen to it.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:31</time>
<p>But, uh, it… That kind of, that's what generated my interest in him, and</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:38</time>
<p>actually I think I'm gonna go back and listen to more of this podcast because a</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:40</time>
<p>lot of the stuff that they cover is stuff that I, that I find pretty interesting.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:44</time>
<p>But John Wesley Powell, again major for the Union Army- He gets his</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:49</time>
<p>kind of arm shot and he has to kinda amputate it there right at, at Shiloh.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:53</time>
<p>Now in 1869 is when he's doing his expedition down the Grand Canyon.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:11:59</time>
<p>S- so just so, just so you know, he's been in the Rocky</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:03</time>
<p>Mountain territory since 1867.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:05</time>
<p>So, so the war's over 1865.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:08</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:08</time>
<p>He comes in 1867.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:09</time>
<p>He brings a party of 11 men and one woman, and guess who the one woman is?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:13</time>
<p>His wife.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:14</time>
<p>Oh, really?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:15</time>
<p>So his wife comes with him, and they explore Pikes Peak.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:17</time>
<p>They make an ascent to Pikes Peak.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:19</time>
<p>They have further explorations, and th- they decide to stay out there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:22</time>
<p>The Powells will stay out there, and this is when he's gonna make his Colorado River</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:27</time>
<p>expedition.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:27</time>
<p>And so he, so he and his wife, and I don't know if his wife was with him, he was</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:30</time>
<p>actually the first to summit Longs Peak.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:32</time>
<p>Mm-hmm.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:33</time>
<p>Like, the very first person.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:34</time>
<p>So this is Mr. Outdoorsman guy, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:39</time>
<p>So in, and that was in the 1860s, so he's, he's hi- he's first</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:42</time>
<p>one to climb Longs Peak, he ascended Pikes Peak with his wife.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:46</time>
<p>Now, in May of 1869 is when he launches.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:48</time>
<p>So he uses the railroad that Jenn mentioned earlier to get everything</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:51</time>
<p>out to, down to, uh, where they're gonna, they're gonna kick off.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:55</time>
<p>And they actually kick off from Wyoming- Yep … in the Green River there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:58</time>
<p>Yep.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:12:58</time>
<p>So setting off with nine men.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:00</time>
<p>And they set off with these huge wooden boats, and these are kind of the, the kind</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:05</time>
<p>of boats, I forget what they called them.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:06</time>
<p>Rowboats.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:07</time>
<p>And but these are, these are boats that you would typically</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:09</time>
<p>see in, like, a sea harbor cutting through waves and stuff like that.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:13</time>
<p>And his thought was, "Hey, I'm giving you these huge wooden boats with months</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:17</time>
<p>and months of supplies to cut through the waves." And the reality of it is, a little</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:22</time>
<p>foreshadowing here, he, they actually made it worse because they were so big they</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:26</time>
<p>couldn't navigate around rocks, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:28</time>
<p>And if you know anything about, uh, modern-day, you know,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:31</time>
<p>going down- The Colorado River</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:32</time>
<p>the, the, the Colorado River, it's all white water, it's all</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:35</time>
<p>white water rafting and all that stuff, and you have to navigate.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:38</time>
<p>And again, nobody had done this.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:39</time>
<p>And so the, the anecdote that they were using in this other podcast is they knew</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:43</time>
<p>more about the surface of the moon through just telescopes and everything than</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:46</time>
<p>they knew about the Grand Canyon, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:48</time>
<p>So that, that was kind of an interesting- Can</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:49</time>
<p>you imagine these four boats, uh, laden with 10 men-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:53</time>
<p>Yep … and food for 10 months.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:55</time>
<p>10 months, and they brought, like, nails because they actually thought, John</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:13:59</time>
<p>Wesley Powell thought that the river was gonna freeze over- Mm-hmm … and they</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:03</time>
<p>were gonna have to, to, to hunker down for the winter, like build a log cabin.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:06</time>
<p>So they brought nails and supplies for all that stuff.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:09</time>
<p>So they br- obviously they were ill-prepared for this.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:13</time>
<p>All right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:13</time>
<p>And the interesting thing is too is he didn't, when he hired the men for this</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:17</time>
<p>e- expedition, he didn't hire soldiers, which was much more normal at the time.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:21</time>
<p>Mm-hmm.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:21</time>
<p>He kinda went out and found these, like, rough, rough and tumble mountain men.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:26</time>
<p>Hunters,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:26</time>
<p>trappers.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:26</time>
<p>Hunters, trappers, thinking that they could hunt and trap their</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:29</time>
<p>food while they were down there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:31</time>
<p>So they kick off in June, uh, in May of 1869.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:35</time>
<p>In June of 1869, there's, one of the boats hits a rock, splits in</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:40</time>
<p>half, and destroys one third of their food, gear, and clothing.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:44</time>
<p>Now they had kind of anticipated this.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:46</time>
<p>They had, it, in the other podcast, it talks about how they could have</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:50</time>
<p>had more men in these boats, but they decided to have less 'cause they</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:53</time>
<p>anticipated potentially losing a boat.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:55</time>
<p>So he was trying to pre-plan a little bit.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:14:58</time>
<p>But how, you know, they're grinding away, kind of trying to get down the Colorado.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:02</time>
<p>So they're gonna take the Green River till it's convolu- convoluents- Right</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:05</time>
<p>to the Colorado.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:06</time>
<p>Right.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:07</time>
<p>And so they're getting through, and obviously they're having a tough</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:09</time>
<p>time getting down the Colorado.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:11</time>
<p>I'll, I'll, I'll keep it short because I, I really do find this interesting.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:15</time>
<p>But in August, uh, it's now named Separation Rapid, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:19</time>
<p>So they're, they're getting down, they're starting to get hungry because</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:23</time>
<p>they don't have enough food, they don't have the right kind of food.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:26</time>
<p>They've lost a boat or two, and so they get to what's</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:28</time>
<p>now called Separation Rapids.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:30</time>
<p>They're confronted by a monstrous rapid.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:32</time>
<p>So three men had, who'd been with him the whole way, they refuse to stay</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:36</time>
<p>on the river, and they're like, "We, we're not doing this anymore." I think</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:39</time>
<p>a couple people had died already.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:40</time>
<p>Yep, so Frank Goodman, uh, it's William Dunn, and Ormeil Howland, they all leave.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:48</time>
<p>So when you think you only have nine men, you just lost a third.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:51</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:52</time>
<p>And then so they, they say, "Hey, we, we're not doing this anymore.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:55</time>
<p>We're practically starving. We're gonna hike up and out," and they</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:15:59</time>
<p>choose to hike 75 miles through the desert to the Mormon settlement.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:03</time>
<p>Those three actually vanish.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:04</time>
<p>They never, they never hear from them again, so they</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:06</time>
<p>probably died in the desert.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:08</time>
<p>History's a mystery.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:09</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:09</time>
<p>Who knows what you ever stumble across if you're out there hiking.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:13</time>
<p>Now, the, the sad part of that story is not that they were… Well, it's</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:18</time>
<p>both that they were never heard from again, but then 24 hours later, John</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:22</time>
<p>Wesley Powell and the remainer of- remainder of his crew, 20… And within</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:26</time>
<p>24 hours, they were out of the Grand Canyon and at that Mormon settlement.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:30</time>
<p>So had these three stuck with them for an extra 24 hours, they</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:34</time>
<p>would've made it all the way through.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:35</time>
<p>Yes.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:35</time>
<p>Now, they were- They were starved, they were wearing rags, they smelled</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:40</time>
<p>bad, they hadn't eaten, and they got to this Mormon settlement, and the</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:43</time>
<p>Mormons just kinda took care of them.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:44</time>
<p>And like, they, these guys couldn't even barely talk when</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:47</time>
<p>they, when they first got there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:48</time>
<p>It's a lot like when we talked about Lewis and Clark.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:51</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:51</time>
<p>When they make it to some of these, uh, Indian resid- i- Indian, uh, communities,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:55</time>
<p>and they're just barely alive.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:16:57</time>
<p>And the American Indians really could have, like, killed them-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:00</time>
<p>Yeah … because they were so weak, but they didn't, they took care of them.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:02</time>
<p>It's the same kinda thing.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:04</time>
<p>Now, their whole, uh, travel is 930 miles.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:08</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:08</time>
<p>Now, his wife is not with him on this.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:10</time>
<p>No.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:10</time>
<p>It's all men.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:11</time>
<p>Yep.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:11</time>
<p>Uh, and like Scott said, when you're out there and you're working as hard</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:15</time>
<p>as they're working, we talked about the Lewis and Clark Expedition,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:18</time>
<p>and you're not able to eat fat-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:21</time>
<p>Yep</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:21</time>
<p>… ' cause you're just eating game with no fat, you become very gaunt and skinny, and</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:27</time>
<p>that's what was happening to these men.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:29</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:29</time>
<p>And, and so there's a couple interesting facts, and this was</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:32</time>
<p>actually interesting that I hadn't seen.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:34</time>
<p>So when you're white water rafting today, right, you're facing forward, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:37</time>
<p>I got to do white water rafting when I was a teenager with my parents.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:39</time>
<p>It was super fun.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:40</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:40</time>
<p>Right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:41</time>
<p>So you're fa- you're facing forward.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:42</time>
<p>But I guess actually back then, they would actually turn around and were</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:46</time>
<p>kind of ro- almost rowing backwards.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:48</time>
<p>Mm-hmm.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:48</time>
<p>So it's just a, a different technique, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:51</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:51</time>
<p>Again, they're, they're, they're navigating these massive,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:54</time>
<p>uh, these massive boats.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:56</time>
<p>I talked about the nails.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:17:57</time>
<p>They were expecting to actually hunker down for quite a few months dur-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:01</time>
<p>over the winter, which never happened because that, that river never freezes.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:04</time>
<p>It's too, it's moves too fast.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:06</time>
<p>And then we talk about Separation Rapid.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:09</time>
<p>Now, the, and another interesting thing about Major John Wesley Powell, so after</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:12</time>
<p>all of this, he's hailed like this hero.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:14</time>
<p>Mm-hmm.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:15</time>
<p>But he's frustrated because he didn't get any of his maps.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:17</time>
<p>Everything was ruined-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:18</time>
<p>Mm-hmm</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:18</time>
<p>… on this first expedition.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:19</time>
<p>So he actually comes back and does it again.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:21</time>
<p>Yep.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:22</time>
<p>So he's awarded $12,000 from Congress- Mm … to complete the Survey of</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:26</time>
<p>the Colorado of the West and its tributaries, and the tributaries means</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:30</time>
<p>any river that feeds the Colorado.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:33</time>
<p>Um, and so that's when he goes back to actually survey it, and there's, uh,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:37</time>
<p>three surveys, the Hayden Survey, the King Survey, and the Wheeler Survey.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:41</time>
<p>Uh, but like Scott said, it really was an exploration- Right … that</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:45</time>
<p>first trip to kinda see it all for the first time, and then because he's</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:49</time>
<p>done it and he knows it now, uh, he goes back and actually surveys it.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:54</time>
<p>And so I, I, I thought that was just super interesting.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:18:56</time>
<p>And again, I will leak that, link that particular podcast episode 'cause the</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:00</time>
<p>host interviews someone who wrote a whole book about this expedition down the Grand</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:04</time>
<p>Canyon and Major John Wesley Powell.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:06</time>
<p>But I, I was curious about what he did after these expeditions</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:09</time>
<p>because he's Mr. Ex- Explorer.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:11</time>
<p>Mm-hmm.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:12</time>
<p>So he actually became the director of the US Geological Survey.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:15</time>
<p>Yep.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:16</time>
<p>Right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:16</time>
<p>So in 1881, I think you mentioned it-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:19</time>
<p>Yeah,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:19</time>
<p>Garfield … he, he became the director of that.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:21</time>
<p>He also became the director of the Bureau of Ethnology,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:25</time>
<p>right, for S- Smithsonian stuff.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:27</time>
<p>So he actually also created this report, and this is, this, I just thought that</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:32</time>
<p>was interesting, and I'll, I'll- You'll be, you'll, you'll understand why.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:36</time>
<p>Report on the Lands of the Arid Region.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:38</time>
<p>So this is 1878, so just before some of this, this, um, US Geological Survey.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:44</time>
<p>So He was looking ahead.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:46</time>
<p>He's out exploring everywhere all the time, and he drew up this report,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:51</time>
<p>and he basically said, "Hey, the standard 160 acre Homestead Act made</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:56</time>
<p>no sense past the 100th meridian because there wasn't enough rain to</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:19:59</time>
<p>support traditional family farming."</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:02</time>
<p>Think about the Midwest, think about Utah, and how dry and arid it is out there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:07</time>
<p>So he actually advocated that western state and country borders should be</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:11</time>
<p>drawn around natural watersheds rather than arbitrary straight lines on a</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:15</time>
<p>map so communities could collectively govern and conserve their water supply.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:20</time>
<p>He was kind of brushed off.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:21</time>
<p>They didn't… I don't think they ended up following, um, his advice, but his</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:25</time>
<p>warnings were lar- so it says they were largely ignored by politicians eager</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:29</time>
<p>to settle the West, but they proved prophetic decades later during the Dust</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:34</time>
<p>Bowl and the modern Western water crisis.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:37</time>
<p>So he was just…</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:39</time>
<p>He was the guy, like, out there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:41</time>
<p>He was, like, the, I'll call it, quote-unquote, you know,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:43</time>
<p>modern-day Lewis and Clark-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:45</time>
<p>Yeah,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:45</time>
<p>man of his time … a couple, couple decades later.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:47</time>
<p>Mm-hmm.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:47</time>
<p>Right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:48</time>
<p>But, um, and then he was a co-funder- co-founder of the</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:51</time>
<p>National Geographic Society.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:53</time>
<p>So John Wesley Powell is just a super interesting character 'cause here he</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:20:57</time>
<p>is a soldier exploring just all over.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:01</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:01</time>
<p>Just mapping the, mapping all of the country, first one to go through the</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:06</time>
<p>Grand Canyon, doing all this stuff.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:08</time>
<p>Just a really interesting character, and you talk about someone who truly</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:12</time>
<p>contributed and is a massive part of the history of the Grand Canyon and the West.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:19</time>
<p>Yeah, and it's neat.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:20</time>
<p>If you… Those second expeditions that take place in 1871 and 1872,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:24</time>
<p>he brings a camera with him.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:26</time>
<p>So you know photography is around, Civil War, and so some of those pictures,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:30</time>
<p>you can look at those pictures.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:31</time>
<p>Those are the first photographs of the Grand Canyon and people going</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:34</time>
<p>down there, meeting the indigenous, and taking photographs with them.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:37</time>
<p>So, uh, it's really neat if you wanna look through those photos.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:40</time>
<p>Now, we talk about the indigenous because Powell is the first Westerner-</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:46</time>
<p>Right</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:47</time>
<p>… to come through here.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:48</time>
<p>But there really were, uh, a lot of Native Americans who were in the area</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:53</time>
<p>before Powell will, uh, make his way.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:21:57</time>
<p>But you do have the Navajo and other First Peoples.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:01</time>
<p>The Pueblo people are also there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:03</time>
<p>But in 1540, so you have the Spanish, uh, conquistadors who get</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:09</time>
<p>out there, Coronado, uh, Cárdenas.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:11</time>
<p>They are, are Spanish soldiers, and with the Hopi, uh, guides,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:15</time>
<p>they go to the Grand Canyon.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:17</time>
<p>Yep.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:17</time>
<p>So there are other First Peoples who are there and see the Grand</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:21</time>
<p>Canyon and report about it.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:23</time>
<p>Now, there's a lot of speculation in history that there's other trappers</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:27</time>
<p>and people who h- must have seen it.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:29</time>
<p>They must have come upon it, but there's not a lot of writing and primary</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:33</time>
<p>source material of people who left, uh- detailed e- uh, encounters behind,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:39</time>
<p>but we know that between 18- 1540 and Powell's visit, uh, there must've been</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:45</time>
<p>other trappers that saw it as well.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:47</time>
<p>But it definitely was an indigenous area, and people did l- live</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:50</time>
<p>there and make their homes there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:53</time>
<p>Uh, what's neat too is how Scott talked about the California condor.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:57</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:22:57</time>
<p>So that was a bird that was indigenous to the area and almost</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:01</time>
<p>was completely hunted away.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:04</time>
<p>Uh, but there was a conservation effort to bring it back, and they</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:07</time>
<p>actually, uh, were able to hatch more.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:10</time>
<p>And now, today, when we were there, they have such a expansive wingspan,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:15</time>
<p>and when they're f- floating over the canyon, you can definitely see them.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:19</time>
<p>Yeah, we… I, I got lucky.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:20</time>
<p>We got a one really cool shot of a California condor just flying around and</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:24</time>
<p>kinda t- going, coming up and coming right down, all the way down into the canyon.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:30</time>
<p>It was really cool.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:31</time>
<p>So yeah, in the 1980s, there was a big push to kinda, one, kinda</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:36</time>
<p>label them as endangered, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:37</time>
<p>That happened a lot in the '70s and '80s.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:39</time>
<p>Label them as, as endangered and kinda foster the environment around</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:42</time>
<p>them so that they could… Um, and I remember learning about that when I was</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:45</time>
<p>growing up 'cause California, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:46</time>
<p>California condor.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:47</time>
<p>Um, so they were… They're kinda a western bird.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:50</time>
<p>But, uh, so yeah, if you're watching the video, I'm probably, uh, putting</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:53</time>
<p>B-roll of that, that cool shot I got- … of, of the California condor.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:56</time>
<p>And then we talked about the railroad coming through.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:23:59</time>
<p>So a rail line was started in Flagstaff, and Flagstaff is kind</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:02</time>
<p>of the city before you get to the Grand Canyon, and that happened in</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:05</time>
<p>1882 with the Santa Fe Railroad.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:07</time>
<p>So there was stagecoaches and railroads who start to come through in the 1880s.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:12</time>
<p>And then, uh, yeah, the first automobile was driven to the Grand Canyon in 1902.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:16</time>
<p>And then we talk a little bit about the first phone lines coming through.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:20</time>
<p>Yes, we did mention that.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:21</time>
<p>I didn't mention that in the intro, but that was kind of the 1930s, right?</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:25</time>
<p>The Triple C and, uh- Mm-hmm … F- FDR and, and Eisenhower and all</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:28</time>
<p>those efforts and stuff like that.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:30</time>
<p>Um, well, pre-Eisenhower.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:32</time>
<p>But, uh So the Civilian Conservation Corps, and you mention that in the video.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:37</time>
<p>Yes, and it's really neat to kinda see they have some surviving telephone</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:41</time>
<p>poles from when they came in and ran the wires across the Grand Canyon.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:46</time>
<p>Uh, Scott talked about, a little bit about the Mormons.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:48</time>
<p>There are Mormons who are also settling in the area because they're getting</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:52</time>
<p>… They're coming into Utah, and there was some Mormons who were also there before</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:56</time>
<p>Powell actually makes it out there.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:24:58</time>
<p>And they're the first ones to really encounter the natives and,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:00</time>
<p>uh, be able to make friendships with them and alliances with them.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:05</time>
<p>Uh, but it's really neat to go out there and just see so much history and how</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:09</time>
<p>much people have seen the Grand Canyon, and to know it really hasn't changed.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:16</time>
<p>That site picture of the conquistadors in the 1540s is</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:19</time>
<p>probably what you see today in 2026.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:22</time>
<p>So it was really neat to go out there and s- and partake of the beauty of it,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:26</time>
<p>and it really did take my breath away.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:29</time>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:29</time>
<p>It was great, and so this … Th- that's, that's one of those ones,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:32</time>
<p>we got plenty of comments on the video that said, "Hey, this is a</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:34</time>
<p>bucket list item." Um, absolutely.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:36</time>
<p>Hopefully, if you're listening to this in the car on the way to the</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:39</time>
<p>Grand Canyon, this gave you some, uh, some good ideas of what to go see.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:47</time>
<p>As you step back from the edge of the South Rim and watch the late</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:51</time>
<p>afternoon shadows stretch across miles of ancient stone, it's impossible not</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:55</time>
<p>to feel a raw sense of perspective.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:25:59</time>
<p>From the daring journey of John Wesley Powell and his crew rowing</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:03</time>
<p>wooden boats into the great unknown, to the hard labor of the Civilian</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:07</time>
<p>Conservation Corps running telephone lines through freezing winter snow and</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:10</time>
<p>blistering summer heat, this landscape tests and inspires the human spirit.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:16</time>
<p>Theodore Roosevelt was right.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:18</time>
<p>You cannot improve upon it.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:20</time>
<p>It stands as a timeless reminder to preserve those sacred wild</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:24</time>
<p>spaces for generations to come.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:27</time>
<p>This detour off Route 66 was an unforgettable chapter in our cross-country</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:31</time>
<p>trip, but our tires are pointing back towards the asphalt next time.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:34</time>
<p>We get right back on Route 66 to explore the small town that inspired</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:38</time>
<p>Radiator Springs as we continue to make our way toward the Pacific.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:43</time>
<p>Make sure you subscribe to Talk With History on your favorite podcast</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:46</time>
<p>app so you never miss an episode or a mile of the journey ahead.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:49</time>
<p>We'll talk to you next time.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:50</time>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:52</time>
<p>This has been a Walk With History production.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:54</time>
<p>Talk With History is created and hosted by me, Scott Bennie.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:26:57</time>
<p>Episode researched by Jennifer Bennie.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:27:00</time>
<p>Check out the show notes for links and references mentioned in this episode.</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:27:04</time>
<p>Make sure you hit that follow button in that podcast player,</p>
<p></p>
<cite>Speaker:</cite>
<time>00:27:06</time>
<p>and we'll talk to you next time</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>